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(Concrete Engineering) The colloidal gel (glue like) material that makes up the major portion of the porous mass of which hydrated cement paste is composed.
(Environmental Engineering) The removal of any dissolved or suspended contaminants beyond secondary treatment, often this is the removal of the nutrients nitrogen and/or phosphorus.
(english) Angle formed between the prepared edge of the end of tube and a plane perpendicular to the surface. Standard pipe bevel is 30 degrees.
(english) A common standard method of measuring the hardness of materials. The smooth surface of the metal is subjected to indentation by a hardened steel ball under pressure. The diameter of the indentation, in the material surface, is then measured by a microscope and the hardness value is read from a chart or determined by a prescribed formula.
(Environmental Engineering) The lower atmosphere, from the earth's surface to approximately 12 km. This portion of the earth's atmosphere contains about 95 percent of the atmospheric gases. The temperature gradually declines through this region.
(english) Moment of inertia has two distinct but related meanings: 1) it is a property of a an object relating to the magnitude of the moment required to rotate the object and overcome its inertia. 2) A property of a two dimensional cross section shape with respect to an axis, usually an axis through the centroid of the shape.
(english) Flexibility is the inverse of stiffness. When a force is applied to a structure, there is a displacement in the direction of the force; flexibility is the ratio of the displacement divided by the force. High flexibility means that a small load produces a large displacement.
(Concrete Engineering) An admixture capable of increasing the fluidity of pastes, mortars, or concretes by reduction of interparticle attraction.
(english) The proportional constant between stress and strain for material with linear elastic behavior: calculated as stress divided by strain. Modulus of elasticity can be interpreted as the slope of the stress-strain graph. It is usually denoted as E, sometimes known as Young's Modulus Y, or E-Modulus.
(english) A system of forces composed of two equal forces of opposite direction, offset by a distance. A couple is statically equivalent to a moment whose magnitude equals the magnitude of the force times the offset distance.
(Environmental Engineering) The act of preparing a landfill for long term inactivity, including placement of a cover over the landfill to prevent infiltration of surface water.
(Environmental Engineering) The consumption of oxygen by the different aquatic organisms as they oxidized materials in the aquatic environment.