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(Concrete Engineering) In concrete formwork, the support for the reinforcing steel.
(Environmental Engineering) The biological oxidation of ammonia and ammonium sequentially to nitrite and then nitrate. It occurs naturally in surface waters, and can be engineered in wastewater treatment systems. The purpose of nitrification in wastewater treatment systems is a reduction in the oxygen demand resulting from the ammonia.
(english) The flaring or tapering of a machined hole, usually made at the entrance end because of misalignment or spring of the cutting tool.
(Concrete Engineering) The maintenance of ambient conditions during the setting and hardening of concrete so that heat is neither lost nor gained from the surroundings of the concrete.
(english) Reversing the wrap of a coil putting the top surface on the bottom.
(Environmental Engineering) An organized accounting of all inputs and outputs to an arbitrary but defined system. Stated in other terms, the rate of mass accumulation within a system is equal to the rate of mass input less the rate of mass output plus the rate of mass generation within the system.
(Concrete Engineering) The amount of entrained or entrapped air in concrete or mortar, exclusive of pore space in aggregate particles, usually expressed as a percentage of total volume of concrete or mortar.
(Environmental Engineering) Any impairment of the normal function of an organism.
(Concrete Engineering) The process whereby liquid is heated to the point of evaporation changing the liquid into a gas the condensation of a gas on a cooler surface returning it from gaseous to liquid form.
(Concrete Engineering) A visible lineation which forms when the placement of concrete is delayed. The concrete in place hardens prior to the next placement of concrete against it.
(english) Method whereby drag may be rammed in the pit or flask without necessity of rolling over. Process used in production of heavy castings.
(english) The level of pressure on the return or downstream side of a device or system.