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(english) A structure in wire or sheet in which the boundaries of the grains tend to be aligned normal to the long axis and to extend completely through the thickness.
(Concrete Engineering) The temporary force exerted by the jacking device which introduces tension into the tendons. Jacking Stress In prestress concrete, the maximum stress occurring in a tendon during stressing.
(english) A common standard method of measuring the hardness of materials. The smooth surface of the metal is subjected to indentation by a hardened steel ball under pressure. The diameter of the indentation, in the material surface, is then measured by a microscope and the hardness value is read from a chart or determined by a prescribed formula.
(english) An external force acting throughout the mass of a body. Gravity is a body force. An inertial force is a body force.
(Concrete Engineering) The shortening of a member in pre-stressed concrete which occurs on the application of forces induced by prestressing.
(english) A device for converting hydraulic energy into mechanical energy, i.e., a motor or cylinder.
(Environmental Engineering) An organic compound with a carbonyl at one end of a hydrocarbon group.
(Environmental Engineering) The fraction of a species entering a system which is converted to product.
(Software Engineering) the activity that enables a manager to understand the status of a project
(Environmental Engineering) A functional group with an oxygen atom double bonded to a carbon atom.
(english) Agitation of a bath of metal caused by the liberation of a gas beneath its surface. May be deliberately induced by the addition of oxidizing material to a bath containing excess carbon. In the later case it is called a carbon boil and CO or CO2 are liberated.
(english) A colloidal clay derived from volcanic ash and employed as a binder in connection with synthetic sands, or added to ordinary natural (clay-bonded) sands where extra strength is required.