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Photoautotrophic

(Environmental Engineering) Organisms which utilize inorganic carbon dioxide for protoplasm synthesis and light for an energy source. See autotrophic and chemoautotrophic.

Softening

(Environmental Engineering) The removal of divalent cations by precipitation or ion exchange.

Blowhole

(english) A defect in a casting caused by trapped steam or gas.

Catabolism

(Environmental Engineering) The production of energy by the degradation of organic compounds.

System of Forces:

(english) One or more forces and/or moments acting simultaneously.

Software engineering

(Software Engineering) a discipline that encompasses the process associated with software development, the methods used to analyze, design and test computer software, the management techniques associated with the control and monitoring of software projects and the tools used to support process, methods, and techniques.

Wagner Fineness

(Concrete Engineering) The fineness of materials such as portland cement expressed as total surface area in centimeters per gram as determined by the Wagner turbidimeter apparatus and procedure.

Calcium Aluminate Cement

(Concrete Engineering) The product obtained by pulverizing clinker consisting essentially of hydraulic calcium aluminates resulting from fusing or sintering a suitable proportioned mixture of aluminous and calcareous materials.

Primary treatment

(Environmental Engineering) Treatment which includes all operation prior to and including primary treatment, e.g., bar screening, grit removal, comminution, and primary sedimentation.

Chemoautotrophic

(Environmental Engineering) Organisms which utilize inorganic carbon (carbon dioxide or carbonates) for synthesis and inorganic chemicals for energy. See autotrophic and photoautotrophic.

Agglomerating Processes

(english) "Fine particles of limestone (flux) and iron ore are difficult to handle and transport because of dusting and decomposition, so the powdery material usually is processed into larger pieces. The raw material's properties determine the technique that is used by mills. 1) SINTER Baked particles that stick together in roughly one-inch chunks. Normally used for iron ore dust collected from the blast furnaces. 2) PELLETS Iron ore or limestone particles are rolled into little balls in a balling drum and hardened by heat. 3) BRIQUETTES Small lumps are formed by pressing material together. Hot Iron Briquetting (HBI) is a concentrated iron ore substitute for scrap for use in electric furnaces.

Hydrologic Cycle

(Concrete Engineering) The Hydrologic Cycle consists of the evaporation of water from oceans and other bodies of open water; condensation to produce cloud formations; precipitation of rain, snow, sleet or hail upon land surfaces; dissipation of rain or melted solids by direct run-off into lakes and by seepage into the soil. Thereby producing a continuing endless source of water in the sub-grade.

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