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Flexibility:

(english) Flexibility is the inverse of stiffness. When a force is applied to a structure, there is a displacement in the direction of the force; flexibility is the ratio of the displacement divided by the force. High flexibility means that a small load produces a large displacement.

Boring Tool

(english) A cutting tool in which the tool bit,the boring bar and in some cases the tool holder are incorporated.

Degree of Freedom:

(english) A displacement quantity which defines the shape and location of an object. In the two dimensional plane, a rigid object has three degrees of freedom: two translations and one rotation. In three dimensional space, a rigid object has six degrees of freedom (three translations and three rotations).

Pumping (of Pavements)

(Concrete Engineering) The ejection of a mixture of water and solid materials such as clay or silt along cracks, transverse or longitudinal joints, and along pavement edges caused by downward slab movement due to the passage of heavy loads, machinery or equipment over the pavement after free water has accumulated in or on the subbase, subgrade or basecourse.

Clarifier (sedimentation basin)

(Environmental Engineering) A tank in which quiescent settling occurs, allowing solid particles suspended in the water to agglomerate and settle to the bottom of the tank. The solids resulting from the settling being removed as a sludge.

Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD)

(Environmental Engineering) The amount of oxygen required to oxidize any organic matter present in a water during a specified period of time, usually 5 days. It is an indirect measure of the amount of organic matter present in a water.

Brinell Hardness Test

(english) A common standard method of measuring the hardness of materials. The smooth surface of the metal is subjected to indentation by a hardened steel ball under pressure. The diameter of the indentation, in the material surface, is then measured by a microscope and the hardness value is read from a chart or determined by a prescribed formula.

Blue Annealing

(english) Heating hot rolled ferrous sheet in an open furnace to a temperature within the transformation range and then cooling in air, in order to soften the metal. The formation of a bluish oxide on the surface is incidental.

Brazing

(english) Joining metals by fusion of nonferrous alloys that have melting points above 800 F (425C), but lower than those of the metals being joined. May be accomplished by a torch. Filler metal is ordinarily in rod form in torch brazing; whereas in furnace and dip brazing the work material is first assembled and the filler metal may then be applied as wire, washers, clips, bands, or may be bonded, as in brazing sheet.

Mixed liquor volatile suspended solids (MLVSS)

(Environmental Engineering) The volatile suspended solids concentration in the activated sludge tank.

Jacking Equipment

(Concrete Engineering) In prestress concrete, the device used to stress the tendons.

Mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS)

(Environmental Engineering) The total suspended solids concentration in the activated sludge tank.

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