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Fluidization

(Environmental Engineering) The suspension of particles by sufficient upward velocity of the fluid. During fluidization the gravity force is overcome by a combination of buoyancy and fluid friction.

Spall

(Concrete Engineering) A fragment, usually of flaky shape, detached from a larger mass by pressure, expansion from within the larger mass, a blow, or by the action of weather.

Nitrogen fixation

(Environmental Engineering) The conversion of atmospheric (or dissolved) nitrogen gas into nitrate by microorganisms.

Covalent bond

(Environmental Engineering) A bond in which electrons are shared approximately equally by two atoms.

Mass:

(english) A property of an object measured by the degree that it resists acceleration.

Portland Cement (ASTM C 150)

(Concrete Engineering) The product obtained by pulverizing clinker consisting essentially of hydraulic calcium silicates.

Water Vapor Pressure

(Concrete Engineering) The pressure exerted by water vapor. Air that contains higher amounts of water vapor exerts a higher vapor pressure than air which has a lower amount of has a higher water vapor pressure In concrete water vapor pressure is calculated by the difference between the vapor pressure of the concrete and the ambient relative humidity and temperature and in contact with the soil. that is calculated by; based upon relative humidity and temperature. The greater the difference between the water vapor and ambient humidity and temperature, in degrees Fahrenheit. the greater the water vapor pressure exerted.

Ottawa Sand

(Concrete Engineering) A sand used as a standard in testing hydraulic cements by means of mortar test specimens. Sand is produced by processing silica rock particles obtained by hydraulic mining of the orthoquartzite situated in open-pit deposits near Ottawa, Illinois; naturally rounded grains of nearly pure quartz.

Burn

(english) 1) Process of cutting metal by a stream of fuel and oxygen, 2) to permanently damage a metal or alloy by heating to cause either incipient melting or intergranular oxidation.

Plane of Weakness

(Concrete Engineering) The plane along which a structure under stress will tend to fracture; may exist because of the nature of the structure and its loading, by accident, or by design.

Blue Print

(english) A pen or ink line drawing reproduced (printed) on sensitized paper by direct exposure.

Butt Welding

(english) Joining two edges or ends by placing one against the other and welding them.

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