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(english) Forcing metal to flow in a direction opposite to the motion of a punch or die.
(english) The steel or concrete pedestal on which the coils are stacked during the batch annealing process.
(english) Sinking a pattern down into the sand to the desired position and ramming the sand around it.
(english) A set of rolls used to maintain tension on the strip as it goes through the line.
(english) A surface force or body force acting on an object. External forces are sometimes called applied forces.
(english) A change in position. A displacement may be a translation a rotation or a combination of those.
(english) Multiple shaving, accomplished by pushing a tool with stepped cutting edges along the piece, particularly through holes.
(english) A mark transferred to the strip surface from a defective process roll. Similar to dent or punchmark.
(english) A steel making method using an acid refractory-lined (usually silica) furnace. Neither sulfur or phosphorus is removed.
(english) Heat in an oven to a low controlled temperature to remove gases or to harden a binder.
(english) A process carried out usually in a controlled furnace atmosphere, so surface does not oxidize, remaining bright.
(english) The changing of the passive surface of a metal to a chemically active state. Contrast with passivation.