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Busheling

(english) A widely traded form of steel scrap consisting of sheet clips and stampings from metal production. Bushel baskets were used to collect the material through World War II, giving rise to the term.

Troposphere

(Environmental Engineering) The lower atmosphere, from the earth's surface to approximately 12 km. This portion of the earth's atmosphere contains about 95 percent of the atmospheric gases. The temperature gradually declines through this region.

Band Saw Steel (Wood)

(english) A hardened tempered bright polished high carbon cold rolled spring steel strip produced especially for use in the manufacture of band saws for sawing wood, non ferrous metals, and plastics. Usually carries some nickel and with a Rockwell value of approximately C40/45.

Change of State

(Concrete Engineering) The process whereby liquid is heated to the point of evaporation changing the liquid into a gas the condensation of a gas on a cooler surface returning it from gaseous to liquid form.

Rock Pocket

(Concrete Engineering) Area or portion of hardened concrete which is deficient in mortar and consisting primarily of coarse aggregate and open voids; caused by insufficient consolidation or separation during placement, or both; by leakage from form.

Bridling

(english) The cold working of dead soft annealed strip metal immediately prior to a forming, bending, or drawing operation. A process designed to prevent the formulation of Luder's lines. Caution-Bridled metal should be used promptly and not permitted to (of itself) return to its pre-bridled condition.

Clarifier (sedimentation basin)

(Environmental Engineering) A tank in which quiescent settling occurs, allowing solid particles suspended in the water to agglomerate and settle to the bottom of the tank. The solids resulting from the settling being removed as a sludge.

Potential Energy:

(english) The energy stored in a raised object (e.g. the weights in a grandfather clock). Potential energy equals mgh, where m is mass, g is the acceleration of gravity, and h is the vertical distance from a reference location. It is called potential energy because the energy can be regained when the object is lowered. This type of potential energy is sometimes called gravitational potential energy in order to distinguish it from elastic potential energy: see elastic energy.

Autotrophic

(Environmental Engineering) Organisms which utilize inorganic carbon for synthesis of protoplasm. Ecologists narrow the definition further by requiring that autotrophs obtain their energy from the sun. In microbiologist parlance, this would be a photoautotroph. See photoautotrophic and chemoautotrophic.

Peeling

(Concrete Engineering) A process in which thin flakes of matrix or mortar are broken away from concrete surface; caused by adherence of surface mortar-to forms as forms are removed, or to trowel or float in portland cement plaster.

Saponification

(Concrete Engineering) The deposit of a gray scum or gray dust on the inside surface of a subgrade wall or floor; as the result of moisture moving through the concrete and washing certain chemicals from the concrete mass.

Colloids

(Environmental Engineering) Small particles which have a negligible settling velocity. These particles have a very small mass so gravitational force is low compared to surface frictional forces. Typical colloidal sizes range from 10-3 mm to 1 mm.

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