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(english) Cylinders that supply the force used to hold the back-up rolls up in place.
(english) Various tests which is used to ascertain the toughness and ductility of a metal product, in which the material is bent around its axis and/ or around an outside radius. A complete test might specify such a bend to be both with and against the direction of grain. For testing, samples should be edge filed to remove burrs and any edgewise cracks resulting from slitting or shearing. If a vice is to be employed, then you must line the jaws with some soft metal, to permit a flow of the metal in the piece being tested.
(english) A system of forces which is statically equivalent to a stress distribution over an area.
(english) The coating of steel with a film composed largely of zinc phosphate in order to develop a better bonding surface for paint or lacquer.
(english) Market condition where the spot, or current price for a metal is higher than the three-month delivery price. This usually indicates immediate demand is perceived to be stronger than long-term demand. Not considered to be a "normal" market state (See Contango).
(english) The process of drawing hot rolled steel through a die to impart close dimensional tolerances, a bright scale free surface and improved mechanical properties. The product is termed bright steel.
(english) The process of annealing in a protective atmosphere so as to prevent discoloration of the bright surface desired.
(english) A family of steel products developed for those applications involved in sliding and/or impact abrasion.
(english) Steel melted in a furnace with a basic bottom and lining and under a slag containing an excess of a basic substance such as magnesia or lime.
(english) A surface force or body force acting on an object. External forces are sometimes called applied forces.
(english) The process of rubbing, grinding, or wearing away by friction.
(english) The displacement and/or detachment of metallic particles from a surface as a consequence of being exposed to flowing solids, fluids or gases. The process of rubbing, grinding, or wearing away by friction.