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(english) 1) Any material added to a charge of molten metal in bath or ladle to bring alloy to specifications, 2) reagent added to plating bath.
(Environmental Engineering) A U.S. EPA hazardous waste characteristic defined with a rigorous test procedure, the TCLP (for Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure). In the procedure, a waste is extracted for 24 hours with an acetic acid solution. The acid extract is then analyzed for the presence of any of the contaminants listed in the procedure.
(english) Annealing a metal or alloy in a sealed container under conditions that minimize oxidation. In box annealing a ferrous alloy, the charge is usually heated slowly to a temperature below the transformation range, but sometimes above or within it, and is then cooled slowly; this process is also called close annealing or pot annealing.
(Concrete Engineering) Microscopic air bubbles intentionally incorporated in mortar or concrete, to improve workability and durability (usually imparting a higher degree of resistance to freezing and thawing).
(Software Engineering) changing software in a way that improves its internal structure but does not change it external behavior; often conducted iteratively as design evolves into code.
(Concrete Engineering) Concrete produced from a central-batching plant, where the materials are proportioned and placed in truck-mixers for mixing enroute to the job or after arrival there.
(Environmental Engineering) A form of bonding in which ring compounds share electrons over more than two atoms. The electrons are delocalized. This leads to unusual ring stability.
(Environmental Engineering) Settling which occurs in the lower reaches of clarifiers where particle concentrations are highest. Particles can settle only by compressing the mass of particles below.
(Concrete Engineering) The ratio of the amount of water, exclusive of that absorbed by the aggregates, to the amount of cement in a concrete mix. Typically expressed as percentage of water, by weight in pounds, to the total weight of portland cement, fly ash, and any other cementitious material, per cubic yard, exclusive of any aggregates.
(english) A vertical shaft type smelting furnace in which an air blast is used, usually hot, for producing pih iron. The furnace is continuous in operation using iron ore, coke, and limestone as raw materials which are charged at the top while the molten iron and slag are collected at the bottom and are tapped out at intervals.
(Environmental Engineering) A level in the food chain. The first trophic level consists of the primary producers, autotrophs. The second trophic level is vegetarians which consume autotrophic organisms.
(english) Steel melted in a furnace with a basic bottom and lining and under a slag containing an excess of a basic substance such as magnesia or lime.