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Chlorofluorocarbons

(Environmental Engineering) Synthetic organic compounds used for refrigerants, aerosol propellants (prohibited in the U.S.), and blowing agents in plastic foams. CFCs migrate to the upper atmosphere destroying ozone and increasing global warming. Typical atmospheric residence times are 50 to 200 years.

Saponification

(Concrete Engineering) The deposit of a gray scum or gray dust on the inside surface of a subgrade wall or floor; as the result of moisture moving through the concrete and washing certain chemicals from the concrete mass.

Pressure:

(english) Pressure is a similar idea to stress, the force intensity at a point, except that pressure means something acting on the surface of an object rather than within the material of the object. When discussing the pressure within a fluid, the meaning is equivalent to stress.

Backer (back-up plate)

(english) A “tool” or reinforcing part, which presses against the outer surface of an extrusion die, supporting it against the pressure of the extruding metal. The backer has an opening larger than the die aperture, allowing the extruded product to emerge without marring its soft surface.

NPDES

(Environmental Engineering) The National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System. The discharge criteria and permitting system established by the U.S. EPA as a result of the Clean Water Act and its subsequent amendments or the permit required by each discharger as a result of the Clean Water Act.

Component (of a vector):

(english) Any vector can be expressed as a collection of vectors whose sum is equal to the original vector. Each vector in this collection is a component of the original vector. It is common to express a vector in terms of components which are parallel to the x and y axes.

Box Annealing 2

(english) A process of annealing a ferrous alloy in a closed metal container, with or without packing materials, in order to minimize the effects of oxidation. The charge is normally heated slowly to a temperature below the transformation range, but occasionally above or within it, and then is slowly cooled.

Aluminous Cement

(Concrete Engineering) A hydraulic cement in which the principal constituents are calcium aluminates, instead of calcium silicates which comprise the major ingredients of portland cement. (See calcium aluminate cement)

Fermentation

(Environmental Engineering) Energy production without the benefit of oxygen as a terminal electron acceptor, i.e. oxidation in which the net effect is one organic compound oxidizing another. See respiration.

Z-Mill

(english) The full name for z-mill is Sendzimir mill. A Z-mill operates with a very small diameter work roll, normally about 2 inches, backed up by a number of rolls in a pyramid-shaped stack. This roll set up allows you to exert extremely high forces through the work roll and yet keep the work roll from extreme flexing. The take-up roll on the Z-Mill also exerts a tension on the coil as it comes through the mill. The combination of high pressure and tension makes the mill capable of rolling material thin and flat.

Stiffness:

(english) This is a general term which may be applied to materials or structures. When a force is applied to a structure, there is a displacement in the direction of the force; stiffness is the ratio of the force divided by the displacement. High stiffness means that a large force produces a small displacement. When discussing the stiffness of a material, the concept is the same, except that stress substitutes for force, and strain substitutes for displacement; see modulus of elasticity.

Brazing

(english) Joining metals by fusion of nonferrous alloys that have melting points above 800 F (425C), but lower than those of the metals being joined. May be accomplished by a torch. Filler metal is ordinarily in rod form in torch brazing; whereas in furnace and dip brazing the work material is first assembled and the filler metal may then be applied as wire, washers, clips, bands, or may be bonded, as in brazing sheet.

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