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Brinell Hardness Test

(english) A common standard method of measuring the hardness of materials. The smooth surface of the metal is subjected to indentation by a hardened steel ball under pressure. The diameter of the indentation, in the material surface, is then measured by a microscope and the hardness value is read from a chart or determined by a prescribed formula.

Temper

(Concrete Engineering) The addition of water to the cement mix whether at the batch plant, during transit or at the jobsite to achieve the specified water to cement ratio.

Climatology

(Environmental Engineering) The study of the climate, how the earth's atmosphere performs over long periods of time.

Base

(english) The steel or concrete pedestal on which the coils are stacked during the batch annealing process.

Bed-In

(english) Method whereby drag may be rammed in the pit or flask without necessity of rolling over. Process used in production of heavy castings.

Rotation:

(english) Motion of an object where the path of every point is a circle or circular arc. A rotation is defined by a point and vector which determine the axis of rotation. The direction of the vector is the direction of the axis and the magnitude of the vector is the angle of rotation.

Water-Cement Ratio

(Concrete Engineering) The ratio of the amount of water, exclusive of that absorbed by the aggregates, to the amount of cement in a concrete mix. Typically expressed as percentage of water, by weight in pounds, to the total weight of portland cement, fly ash, and any other cementitious material, per cubic yard, exclusive of any aggregates.

Pretensioning

(Concrete Engineering) A method of prestressing reinforced concrete in which the steel is stressed before the concrete has hardened and restrained from gaining its unstressed position by bond to the concrete.

Butt-Weld Pipe

(english) The standard steel pipe used in plumbing. Heated skelp is passed continuously through welding rolls, which form the tube and squeeze the hot edges together to make a solid weld.

Strength:

(english) A very general term that may be applied to a material or a structure. In a material, strength refers to a level of stress at which there is a significant change in the state of the material, e.g., yielding or rupture. In a structure, strength refers to a level of level of loading which produces a significant change in the state of the structure, e.g., inelastic deformations, buckling, or collapse.

Global warming

(Environmental Engineering) The long-term warming of the plant due to increases in greenhouse gases which trap reflected light preventing it from exiting to space.

BACKUP BOTTLE

(english) A vessel, normally cylindrical, which is used to store gas for future release of the energy in the compressed gas to an accumulator.

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